No. 3(80) (2020)

Статьи

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  CLINICAL AND ANAMNESTIC CHARACTERISTICS OF PATIENTS WITH CHANGES IN THE ORGAN OF VISION IN ATHEROSCLEROSIS To study the clinical and anamnestic characteristics of patients with changes in the organ of vision in atherosclerosis (AS). Material and methods: 156 patients with laboratory-clmically diagnosed atherosclerosis underwent examination and dynamic observation. All patients underwent a comprehensive examination, including the study of central visual acuity, kinetic and computed static perimetry, tonometry, gonioscopy. biomicroscopy, fundus ophthalmoscopy, ultrasound Doppler ultrasound of the vessels of the eye and the brachiocephalic trunk. Results: In patients with initial atherosclerosis in the absence of any subjective complaints and clinical manifestations of atherosclerotic vascular lesions, with a careful survey, episodes of short-term visual impairment after overeating, physical overstrain, visual impairment in one eye in bright light, periodic fog m front of the eye. discomfort, etc. dry eye. Patients with a clinical course of atherosclerosis, patients noted decreased vision, disappearance of the lower half of vision, upper half of vision, floating spots m front of the eye. pain in the eye. fog in front of the eye and loss of visual acuity, etc. Conclusions: Taking into account the presence of both modifiable in patients, and unmodifiable risk factors for the development of atherosclerosis, early and differential diagnosis of atherosclerosis should be carried out to prevent damage to target organs.

  D Makhkamova

  87-91

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  TREATMENT OF VERTICAL ANOMALIES USING LM-ACTIVATOR IN CHILDREN WITH SPEECH FUNCTION DISTURBANCES IN THE PERIOD OF REPLACEMENT BITE Objective: To increase the effectiveness of orthodontic treatment in patients with speech impairments with vertical anomalies of the dentoalveolar system through the combined use of prevention programs and myofunctional LM-activator devices Material and methods: 58 children aged from 6 to 9 years old ^ith an early changeable bite with vertical anomalies of the dentition and speech impairment were observed, who were divided into 2 groups depending on age: 1st group - 32 children 6-9 years old with early bite. 2nd -26 children with late bite (10-14 years). Results: After using the LM activator, in 70% of cases, occlusion anomalies are leveled, and the occlusion corresponds to the age norm, subsequent orthodontic treatment is not required. LM activator treatment has been more successful in patients who are also doing therapeutic exercises. In cases of non-carious lesions of teeth and multiple caries. LM activators have advantages over other devices due to the absence of prolonged direct contact of metal or plastic parts of the device with the enamel of the teeth. Conclusions: Treatment should be started during the period of mixed bite, during the eruption of the first permanent teeth, smce the normalization of the jaw growth vector can be most effectively corrected at this age.

  I Nigmatova, R Nigmatov, M Nodirkhonova, M Mavlyanova

  32-36

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  THE INFLUENCE OF COMPLEX FACTORS IN THE APPEARANCE DENTAL DISEASES This article provides a large list of risk factors, the presence of which causes diseases of the dental system, distinguish endogenous and exogenous, specific and non-specific risk factors. Stops at ekzogennye geographical factors, housing conditions, diet. etc., endogenous factors as age and anatomical and physiological features of organs and systems individual characteristics of reactivity, immunity, genetic predisposition, etc.

  B Narmakhmatov, E Isakov

  61-66

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  METHODS OF INNOVATIVE PROGRAMS WITH ENDOGENOUS USE OF FLUORIDE FOR DENTAL CARIES PREVENTION Application of the fluorinated food salt during the 2,5-years period has allowed to lower considerably desease of caries of a teeth at children. The important results was authentic increase of structurally functional resistency of firm fabrics of a teeth, mcrease in a mineralization and rates of maturing of enamel « six-years моляра ». normalization mineralizing potential of the mixed saliva, improvement of a level of hygiene of an oral cavity at children of preventive group.

  X Okhunjonova, I Sadikova, M Rasulova, N Zhuraeva

  9-12

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  METHODS OF SURGICAL TREATMENT OF DEFECTS OF SOFT TISSUES OF THE FACE The article presents an analysis of modem methods for eliminating defects in facial soft tissues, classifies defects and deformations of the maxillofacial region, including the use of revascularized autografts, discusses the positive and negative aspects of surgical methods for eliminating defects m soft tissues of the face. Including analysis of the use of Pedicale Perforator Propeller Flap (PPPF) perforating propeller flaps. The use of this plastic technology made it possible to strategically simplify reconstructions, reduce the number of plastic steps and traumatize the flap formation zone, shorten the operation time, and keep the mam vessels intact in both the donor and recipient zones.

  N Khramova, R Amanullaev, Yu Khusanova

  95-100

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  ULTRASONIC OSTEOMETRY IN ACUTE ODONTOGENIC INFLAMMATORY DISEASES The possibility of using ultrasound osteometry for the diagnosis of acute odontogenic osteitis and osteomyelitis of the jaws was studied. The study was conducted in 43 children, of which 14 children and 15 adults had heterogeneous abscesses and phlegmon. Acute odontogenic osteitis - in 11 children and 11 adults, acute odontogenic osteomyelitis - mil children and 11 adults. The studies were carried out using an ultrasonic diagnostic device with an EOM-Olts echoosteometer. in 1-3 and 7-10 days. The speed of ultrasound m the jaw was calculated by the formula C = L /1. The decrease in the speed of ultrasound in the jaw bone and its dependence on the forms of the inflammatory process. Ultrasonic osteometry allows bone pathology, to predict the course of the disease. Harmlessness, painlessness, ease of use. the ability to recommend echoosteometry for the diagnosis of pathological processes of the jaw in practical dentistry.

  A Azimov, I Azimov

  38-42

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  THE STATE OF THE MOUTH IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS WITH BRONCHIAL ASTHMA: DIAGNOSIS, TREATMENT, PREVENTION The article provides an analysis of the literature of recent years devoted to the study of the basics of diseases in case of dentoalveolar anomalies and deformities in children and adolescents with bronchial asthma, and methods for its diagnosis, prevention and treatment. It has been established that the dental status in children with dentoalveolar anomalies with concomitant bronchial asthma and their state of nonspecific resistance and the level of functional reactions that provide oral cavity homeostasis and adaptive capabilities have been studied insufficiently Also, there are no plans for treatment and prevention measures that improve adaptation to removable and non-removable devices and reduce the risk of developing traumatic dentistry in children with bronchial asthma.

  S Gafforov, G Fazylbekova

  69-74

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  COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF CYTOGENETIC CHANGES IN BUCCALE EPITHELIUM CELLS IN PATIENTS WITH A SCARFING FORM OF CHRONIC RECURRENT APHTHOSIS STOMATITIS WITH VARIOUS HEREDITARY CONTRIBUTION A comparative assessment of the cytogenetic changes of buccal epithelial cells in patients in 143 patients with RAS with a scarring form of chronic recurrent aphthous stomatitis with various hereditary’ burdens was given. Data are compared with 40 healthy patients of comparable gender and age. The results indicate that in patients with hereditary burden, higher cytogenetic disorders of buccal epithelium were detected, which reflects a decrease in the protective properties of the body and oral mucosa against the background of many homeostatic shifts caused by hereditary pathology’.

  О Bekzhanova, D Alimova

  15-18

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  SURGICAL PREPARATION OF THE ORAL CAVITY FOR DENTAL PROSTHETICS This article shows the results of a study of the effect of surgical preparation of the oral cavity to prosthetics. Based on our research it was proved that a well-designed and implemented oral preparation plan is the key to the most rational and functionally complete prosthetics. The dentist surgeon must know the basics of prosthetics by correctly treating the postoperative wound, which creates the necessary conditions for prosthetics. Surgical preparation of the oral cavity can be divided into the following stages: 1) Sanitation of the oral cavity. 2) Correction of the shape of the alveolar processes. 3) Plastic deformations of the mucous membrane.

  R Usmonov, D Khidirova, A Mansurov, X Ashbadalov, F Mahkamova

  45-48

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  FUNCTIONAL STATE OF THE VESTIBULAR ANALYZER ACCORDING TO THE DATA ROTATIONAL TEST FOR VERTEBRAL-BASILAR VASCULAR INSUFFICIENCY To establish the degree of functional imbalance in patients with cervical osteochondrosis outside the stage of exacerbation of the disease. Material and methods: Rotational test was performed in 36 patients with spontaneous nystagmus and 6 patients with cervical positional nystagmus (. The subject was rotated according to a trapezoidal program with an angular acceleration of ±60°/s2 (2 s) and uniform rotation between acceleration and deceleration for 60 s. The patient is rotated (the head is tilted forward and downward by 30°) in the Barani chair - 10 revolutions per 20 seconds clockwise (to the right). Results: In 66 patients, asymmetry of radiological changes in the cervical spine was noted, in 61 cervical positional nystagmus. Conclusions: The applied technique can serve as a reliable differential diagnostic test in determining vestibulopathy of vertebrobasilar genesis.

  X Karabaev, M Nasretdinova

  77-79

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  IMPROVEMENT OF THE TREATMENT OF THE PATHOLOGY OF THE PERIODENTAL TISSUES IN PATIENTS WITH SYSTEMIC LUPUSE Material and methods: the results of treatment of 122 patients with inflammatory diseases of the oral mucosa admitted to the orthopedic department of the Samarkand regional dental clinic were analyzed. The main group included 84 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, who received ozone therapy m order to improve the microcirculation of the periodontal tissues. The comparison group consisted of 38 patients without somatic pathology. Results: No complications were observed during the complex treatment with the use of a gas ozone-oxygen mixture and sodium hypochlorite solution, patients noted the comfort and painlessness of these procedures. The use of the ozone-oxygen mixture generated by the Prozone derice significantly reduced the need for the use of a number of drugs with unwanted side effects. Ozone therapy has improved blood circulation in the microvasculature by 40%. Conclusions: When using ozone therapy, new conditions are formed, leading to an miprovement in the level of oral hygiene. Ozone has a pronounced anti-inflammatory effect.

  E Toirov, T Zoirov, N Absalamova

  21-26

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  PREVENTION OF DENTAL CARIES IN CHILDREN OF JUNIOR SCHOOL AGE The analysis of the current literature reflecting the etiology’ of dental caries m young school age children was made. The authors analyzed different causes on key cariogenic factors: carbohydrate, hygienic. microbial. economic. behavioral, psychosocial. The peculiarities of caries m children, its the correlation with medikal culture of parents was discussed. The necessity of planning a comprehensive program of prevention of dental caries taking mto account the personalized approach was suggested. Key words: children, dental caries, risk factors, primary prevention, level of hygiene knowledge.

  D Shokirov, Zh Rizaev, L Khasanova

  50-53

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  AVERAGE DAILY ENERGY REQUIREMENTS OF ATHLETES' ORGANISM DEPENDING ON THE TYPE OF SPORTS ACTIVITY, GENDER AND SKILL Determination of the average daily energy' needs of the body of athletes, depending on the type of sports activity. gender and skill. Material and methods: Athletes (master of sports and candidates for master of sports) aged 18-35 years, men and women, who tram on the basis of the Tashkent sports complexes “Dynamo" and “Trudo\ye reserves”, were examined. Results: The average daily energy- requirement of athletes mainly depends on the intensity and duration of training and competition. Physical activity coefficients of athletes differ depending on the type of sports activity, gender and skill of the athletes. Conclusions: The average daily energy requirements of athletes involved in long and superlong distance running, all-around and marathons are 2 times higher than the physiological needs of an adult engaged in moderate physical labor.

  B Tukhtarov, B Begmatov, M Valieva

  84-86

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  FEATURES OF THE STATE OF BONE TISSUE DURING DENTAL IMPLANTATION IN PATIENTS WITH SOMATIC DISEASES In everyday practice, at a doctor’s appointment with a dentist, about 7-10% of cases are patients with periodontal diseases on the back ground of somatic pathology, who turn for dental implants with the aim of prosthetics. In this study, the structural and functional state of bone tissue was determined in 72 patients who were planning this type of treatment, the followmg patients were determined by densitometric parameters: ultrasound propagation velocity - (SRS. m / s), broadband ultrasound attenuation - (SHO. dB / MHz), density index- (PI.0 o) In the course of work, only 25 (34.7%) patients had indicators within the normal range. The remaining 47 (65.3%) patients showed violations of the structural and functional properties of bone tissue in the form of osteopenia of varying severity in 36 (79.6%) and osteoporosis mil (23.4%) people. The main parameters of the structural and functional state of bone tissue, osteogenesis markers, and lex-els of calcium-regulating hormones in patients with future dental implantation were studied. Molations of the strength characteristics of bone tissue, changes in the levels of calcium-regulating hormones and markers of osteogenesis have been identified, indicating the need for preventive and therapeutic measures in all patients at this stage of observation and treatment.

  B Yarmukhamedov, R Amanullaev, E Gazieva, A Turgunov, T Melikuziev

  29-32

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  THE ROLE OF PREPARATION OF THE ALVEOLAR CEST WITH THE HELP OF BONE SUBSTITUTE MATERIALS FOR DENTAL IMPLANT PROSTHETICS Summary: The article presents an analysis of the literature on prosthetics on dental implants, providing for the optimal, in terms of quantity and quality, bone tissue of the alveolar process of the upper and lower jaw. As well as the requirements for implantation from the point of view of prevention and long-term operation, questions of the correct choice of bone substitute material for orthopedic treatment.

  A Akbarov, Zh Tulyaganov, N Nigmatova

  56-60

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  CHARACTERISTICS OF THE PROCESS OF REFORMING POST-DIPLOMA EDUCATION OF SECONDARY MEDICAL STAFF The article deals with the features and problems of teaching secondary medical staff of medical institutions. About the increasing role of postgraduate education that promotes professional and personal socialization. High-quality postgraduate education with the use of modem training technologies provides medical institutions with qualified nursing specialists who are ready’ to provide a wide range of medical services to the population.

  G Usmanbekova, J Rizaev

  6-8

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  THE STATE OF THE PHARYNGEAL MICROBIOCENOSIS IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC TONSILLITIS OF THE ELDERLY AND OLD AGE The article studies the microbiocenosis of the mucous membrane of the posterior pharyngeal wall and palatine tonsils in 52 patients with chronic tonsillitis and m 12 practically healthy elderly and senile persons. The state of ENT organs was assessed usmg otoscopy, rhinoscopy, epi-, stomopharyngoscopy and indirect laryngoscopy. When making the diagnosis of CT and determining its form, the classification of B.S. Preobrazhensky - V.T Palchun was followed. Each subject each tune took one scraping from the posterior pharyngeal wall, the other from the palatine tonsil.

  S Arifov, S Khasanov

  91-95

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  STUDY OF CARIES DEVELOPMENT IN ORTHODONIC TREATMENT ON THE BASIS OF BUKHARA REGION This article describes the relevance of the prevention and diagnosis of caries in the early stages using modem diagnostic methods. It also presents a study of caries susceptibility of orthodontic patients (children and adolescents) at different stages of treatment m Alat. Gijduvan. Romitan and Karakul districts of Bukhara region. The effect of various remineralizing agents on enamel and dentin tissues was studied.

  U Fozilov, S Rizaeva

  36-38

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  INFLUENCE OF NATURAL AND ARTIFICIAL FEEDING ON DENTAL CARIES DEVELOPMENT IN CHILDREN The Literature review presents up-to-date data from world databases on the research topic. The analysis of modem literature sources has shown the relevance of the problem of prevention of dental diseases in young children uith different types of feeding and improving the level of awareness of the population and medical personnel.

  S Murtazaev, F Jalilova

  66-69

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  MANIFESTATION OF GLOSSALGIA IN PERSONS WITH EMOTIONAL BURNOUT SYNDROME. Common burning mouth syndrome complaints were identified in 2 dentists. They showed signs of burnout on all 3 scales of the MBI questionnaire. It was found that both dentists, shortly before the burning sensation in the oral canty, experienced events that caused them a strong psychoemotional stress.

  L Khasanova, R Fattakhov, Zh Rizaev

  13-15

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  PECULIARITIES OF THE ERUPTION OF PERMANENT TEETH IN CHILDREN OF THE MIDDLE SCHOOL AGE OF THE CITY OF TASHKENT Determining the quantity, symmetry and timing of teeth eruption termmation in intermediate school aged children. Material and methods: S20 children aged 11 to 14 years, including 415 boys and 405 girls studying in 4 public education schools in Tashkent were carried out dental examination. Results: at the age of 11 and 14. an average number of erupted permanent teeth was greater in girls than in their male peers. The total increase in the number of teeth in 4 years was greater for boys than for girls at 11.25 versus 9.47 units. In children of both genders, the number of erupted teeth on the lower jaw was significantly higher than on the upper. In intermediate school aged children of both genders, the eruption of the first premolars, fangs, and second premolars is completed, and in girls, the lower second molars also occur. Conclusions: The revealed differences in children in the number of erupted antimer teeth, both in the upper jaw and in the lower, were unreliable, but left-side eruption were more characteristic for boys.

  Zh Kamilov, A Akbarov

  42-45

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  USE OF ALINARS BEFORE PROSTHETICS FOR SECONDARY DENTAL DEFORMATIONS IN CHILDREN. The article considers the feasibility of using aligners before prosthetics for secondary deformities of the dentition m children.

  N Aliyeva, I Nigmatova, I Yakupov, M Ochilova

  74-77

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  APPLICATION OF BIOLOGICAL PASTE BIODENT TO PRESERVE PULP VIABILITY To increase the effectiveness of the treatment of dentin caries and pulp hyperemia with the preservation of pulp viability using biological paste. Results. The biocompatibility of biological paste was established during direct and indirect pulp coating in the experiment, the ability to stimulate the formation of tertiary’ dentin, as well as the high stability of the material compared to the material based on calcium hydroxide, is substantiated. Biological paste positively affects the microelement composition of dentin, which mcreases the caries resistance of peri-pulp dentine. The marginal adhesion of the biological paste to dentin (80.5%). as well as to hybrid glass-ionomer cement (71.9%) is the highest among the studied therapeutic cushioning materials, which ensures high sealing and durability of the restoration. In terms of rate of rise and pH value (11.82). biological paste is superior to materials based on calcium hydroxide, effectively exhibiting its antimicrobial properties and not exerting an aggressive effect on the tooth pulp. Conclusion. The pulp of the tooth has a unique structure, performs the most important functions and has a high potential for regeneration and replacement dentin production. Currently, there are many methods and materials that contribute to the preservation of pulp viability, but the most promising method is the treatment of biological paste.

  R Raimjonov, I Sadykova, A Yuldoshev

  19-21

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  N Zhuraeva

  48-49

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  DIAGNOSTIC IMAGING METHODS IN DETERMINING THE DISTRIBUTION AND STAGING OF CANCER OF THE NOSE CAVITY AND SINUSES Half of the patients undergo various kinds of interventions without morphological examination: tooth extraction, maxillary sinus puncture regarding the alleged 'maxillary' sinusitis”, conchotomy and sinusotomy. The results after treatment of patients with soft tissue and epithelial tumors of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses are continuously connected to the early diagnosis of the disease. At the same time, the vast majority of patients (about 90%) go to treatment with common, advanced forms of tumors corresponding to stages III or IV.

  Yu Khodzhibekova, X Kurbanbayeva, M Ismailova

  80-84

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  DIAGNOSIS OF TRAUMATIC OCCLUSION IN GENERALIZED PERIODONTITIS The development of modem dentistry is accompanied by the emergence of a large number of new technologies and dental materials, which fully meets the aesthetic needs of patients. The use of composite materials of the latest generations makes it possible to most accurately form the anatomical shape of the teeth. Techniques for performing direct restorations when restoring the occlusal surface of the teeth are quite simple and feasible in an outpatient dental practice. However, it is very difficult to completely restore physiological occlusal ratios of teeth during restoration of chewing surfaces using the direct method. In addition, when placing fillings from composite materials, deformation of the tubercles occurs

  M Sherboeva, X Okhunjonova, M Rasulova, I Sadikova

  26-29

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  ENDOTHELIOCYTE DYSFUNCTION IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC GENERALIZED PERIODONTITIS In modem dentistry, one of the leading and complex problems in the structure of oral diseases is parodontal pathology: According to the WHO. a healthy parodontium is found only m 2-10% of the population, a special place belongs to chronic generalized parodontitis. Its prevalence is high among all pathological processes of the oral cavity, and in Russia, parodontal diseases are detected in 98% of the exammed

  X Kamilov, Sh Usmanova, U Nugmanova, D Davlatova

  53-56

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